Why Spain and Mexico Had No Diplomatic Relations Between 1939 and 1977

The prolonged absence of diplomatic relations between Spain and Mexico from 1939 to 1977 was a complex issue rooted in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War, deep historical grievances, and profound ideological differences. This period witnessed a stark clash of political and cultural ideologies, ultimately leading to a significant divide between the two nations.

The Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) saw the victory of Francisco Franco's Nationalists over the Republicans. This led to the establishment of a fascist dictatorship under Franco, which was a stark contrast to the progressive left stance adopted by Mexico. The Mexican government, under President Lázaro Cárdenas, sided with the Republicans and provided them with asylum, further exacerbating the tension between the two nations.

Ideological Differences

Mexico's support for the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War was driven by ideological opposition. President Cárdenas and his successors, under the left-leaning government, reached out to progressive and socialist movements worldwide. In stark contrast, Franco's Spain was an authoritarian and fascist state, allies with similar regimes in Europe. These ideological differences created a significant barrier to establishing diplomatic ties, as both countries represented opposite ends of the political spectrum.

Recognition of Governments

The refusal of Mexico to recognize the Franco regime was a pivotal factor in the absence of diplomatic relations. After the end of the Spanish Civil War, Mexico maintained its stance of not acknowledging Franco's newly established regime. It was not until the late 1950s that Mexico began to reassess its position, but formal diplomatic ties were not reestablished until 1977. This refusal to recognize the legitimacy of Franco's government was deeply rooted in the historical trauma of the Civil War and the support provided to the Republicans by the Mexican government.

Historical Memory and Public Opinion

The memory of the Civil War and the support given to the Republicans influenced public opinion in Mexico, further reinforcing the lack of formal relations with Spain. The historical grievances stemming from the conflict continued to shape the relationship between the two nations. The support of Mexican government for the Republicans was widely recognized, and this was not easily forgiven by the Franco regime or its supporters.

The End of the Franco Dictatorship

The situation changed dramatically with the death of Franco in 1975 and the subsequent return of democracy to Spain. This marked the beginning of a new era in Spanish politics, with the introduction of a constitutional monarchy. The Spanish republicans who had been in exile started to return to Spain, integrating into the political landscape and accepting the constitutional monarchy. This shift in governance and the historical context paved the way for the reestablishment of full diplomatic relations between Spain and Mexico, which finally occurred in 1977.

Conclusion

In summary, the prolonged absence of diplomatic relations between Spain and Mexico from 1939 to 1977 was a result of the complex interplay of ideological opposition, the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War, and historical grievances. The personal and political sacrifices made by the Republican side were not easily forgotten by the Mexican government, leading to a sustained lack of formal diplomatic ties until the end of the Franco regime and the return of democracy to Spain.