Why God Instructed Moses to Sculpt Cherubim on the Mercy Seat of the Ark of the Covenant

The Bible instructs Moses in Exodus 25:18-22 to sculpt figures of two Cherubim for the Mercy Seat of the Ark of the Covenant. This seemingly unremarkable detail holds significant theological and cultural implications. Understanding the symbolism behind these figures provides insight into the nature of God, the unique covenant between Him and Israel, and the cultural context in which these instructions were given.

Symbol of Divine Presence

Cherubim are often associated with the presence and protection of God. In the context of the Ark of the Covenant, they symbolize God's presence among His people. The Mercy Seat, where the Cherubim are positioned, is described as the place where God would meet and communicate with Moses, as stated in Exodus 25:22. This presence emphasizes God's involvement in the lives of His people and underscores the sacred nature of the space.

Role of Cherubim in Scripture

Biblical imagery portrays Cherubim as protectors of holiness and bearers of God's glory. Their presence on the Mercy Seat emphasizes God's majesty and the sacredness of the space. Unlike Seraphim, who are depicted as being closest to God's throne in heaven, Cherubim fulfill a specific role in biblical texts. This duality highlights the complex relationship between God and humanity, with God being both transcendent and immanent.

Covenantal Relationship

The Ark of the Covenant represents the covenant between God and Israel. The Cherubim on the Mercy Seat reflect the idea that God is both above all yet chooses to dwell among His people. This concept is central to understanding God's relationship with Israel. The design of the Ark and its components communicate deep theological truths about God's nature and His covenant with His people.

Cultural Context

In the ancient Near Eastern context, cherub-like figures were common in the iconography of various cultures, often associated with divine protection and presence. By using Cherubim, the Israelites may have been using familiar imagery to convey their understanding of God's holiness and His protective nature. This choice reflects a cultural and symbolic language that was both meaningful to the ancient Israelites and underscored the sacred nature of the Ark of the Covenant.

Angelic Conceptions

It is important to note that the conception of angels with specific attributes, such as the concept of Archangels Gabrial, is an interpretation or confabulation made by later Christian scholars and writers. The Bible does not refer to Archangel Gabriel as such. In fact, the only Archangel mentioned in the Bible is Michael. The Book of Enoch, often cited for such descriptions, is not part of the canon and thus not considered as authoritative scriptural text.

Regarding the design of the Ark of the Covenant, it is intended to replicate the actual throne of God as described in Ezekiel and Daniel. In addition to having wheels, the Ark was adorned with winged Cherubim, symbolizing divine presence and protection. This design was meant to reflect the grandeur and sanctity of the sacred space, reinforcing the idea that God was close to His people even amidst the tabernacle or temple.

Conclusion

While Seraphim are traditionally viewed as the highest order of angels, the choice of Cherubim for the Mercy Seat serves to highlight themes of divine presence, protection, and the unique relationship between God and Israel. The design of the Ark and its components communicate deep theological truths about God's nature and His covenant with His people. Understanding these elements helps us grasp the rich symbolic language found in the Bible and its cultural significance.