Why Bhishma and Drona Supported the Kauravas in the Mahabharata War

The Mahabharata War is one of the most significant and complex events in Indian mythology. Central to this war were key figures such as Bhishma and Drona, who found themselves in a moral and ethical dilemma by supporting the Kauravas. This article delves into the reasons behind their choices and the significance of their roles in supporting the Kauravas.

Understanding the Context and Oaths

The Mahabharata is not merely a tale of warfare; it is a narrative of devotion, loyalty, and moral obligations. In the war, Bhishma and Drona stood by the Kauravas due to a combination of ancient oaths and personal affiliations.

Infamous chapter The Mahabharata discusses the division of the kingdom between the Pandavas and the Kauravas. At the time of the division:

The Pandavas received Khandavprastha, now known as Indraprastha. Duryodhana became the crown prince of Hastinapur. Bhishma and Drona remained loyal to Hastinapur, supporting the throne.

During the partition, Bhishma and Drona suggested the division, showing their neutrality and fairness. Bhishma and Drona did not deride the Pandavas, nor did they support the Kauravas at that time. Their role was to ensure a fair division and stability in the realm.

The Factors Influencing Their Choices

Given these circumstances, it is essential to understand the factors influencing Bhishma and Drona’s actions. Here are the key elements:

Bhishma’s Oath: Bhishma had taken an oath to serve the throne of Hastinapur. Dhritarashtra, the Kaurava king, was sitting on the throne, and, despite knowing that he was fighting the right side, Bhishma honored his pledge. Bhishma’s vow was supreme and unbreakable. Citizenship and Debt: Drona was indebted to the throne of Hastinapur for his wealth and status. He had been brought into the Kuru fold, and his loyalty was thus to Dhritarashtra.

There is no rational or ethical reason for Bhishma and Drona to support the Pandavas in this war. According to the Indian tradition, there are rules and regulations for serving a kingdom or an army. Once a soldier swears allegiance to a cause, they are expected to honor that commitment.

The Pandavas vs. The Kauravas

The war between the Pandavas and the Kauravas was not merely a contest of power. Kings from other nations could switch sides before the war. Yuyutsu, the son of Dhritarashtra, did so when the Pandavas captured Khandavprastha. However, Yuyutsu, being a prince, understood the risks and the ethical implications of such a move. He did it only when a proper choice was available, knowing the consequences.

Bhishma and Drona were not free to choose. They were serving Dhritarashtra, not as rulers of Kauravas but as commanders and leaders. They had made solemn vows to serve Hastinapur, and their duty was to protect and defend it.

The Moral and Ethical Implications

The actions of Bhishma and Drona have profound moral and ethical implications. In a war, soldiers are often required to defend their nation, even if it means fighting against their own kin. Bhishma and Drona, by adhering to their vows and their duty to Hastinapur, demonstrated a profound sense of loyalty and commitment.

Although their actions may appear to have led to great strife, they also highlight the importance of adhering to one’s commitments and the ethical dimensions of loyalty and duty. Despite the apparent injustice or moral quandary, Bhishma and Drona remained true to their oaths, serving as examples of steadfast commitment.

Conclusion

The war between the Pandavas and the Kauravas was one of the most pivotal moments in Indian mythology. Bhishma and Drona’s support for the Kauravas was driven by their duty, oath, and ethical considerations. Their actions, though complex, provide insights into the values of loyalty, commitment, and the intricacies of human morality in times of conflict.

For more insights into the Mahabharata and the characters and events surrounding it, refer to: Wikipedia: Mahabharata