Understanding Run-On Sentences: What Makes a Long Sentence a Run-On

Introduction

A run-on sentence is a construction that joins two or more main clauses without proper punctuation. While run-on sentences can be technically correct, they can often be more challenging to read and understand compared to shorter sentences. This article will explore what constitutes a run-on sentence, how to identify them, and how to correct them for better readability and comprehension.

What is a Run-On Sentence?

Simply put, a run-on sentence occurs when two or more independent clauses (or main clauses) are joined without proper punctuation. An independent clause is a part of a sentence that can stand alone as a complete sentence because it has a subject and a predicate. Joining two or more independent clauses together without appropriate punctuation leads to confusion and can detract from the clarity and effectiveness of the writing.

Examples of Run-On Sentences

Consider the following example:

The boy showed us his tickets someone gave them to him.

This sentence is a run-on due to the lack of an appropriate punctuation mark to separate the two independent clauses:

Incorrect: The boy showed us his tickets someone gave them to him. Correct: The boy showed us his tickets. Someone gave them to him.

Another example is:

We often speak in run-on sentences but we make pauses and change our tone so people can understand us but when we write no one can hear us so sometimes we must break our sentences into shorter units so that they do not sound run-on.

This sentence is overly complex and difficult to follow:

We often speak in run-on sentences but we make pauses and change our tone so people can understand us but when we write no one can hear us so sometimes we must break our sentences into shorter units so that they do not sound run-on.

A corrected version would be:

We often speak in run-on sentences but make pauses and change our tone so people can understand us. When we write, no one can hear us, so we must break our sentences into shorter units to avoid sounding run-on.

Correcting Run-On Sentences

There are several ways to correct run-on sentences:

Using a Semicolon

Example: It is nearly half past five we cannot reach town before dark.

Corrected: It is nearly half past five; we cannot reach town before dark.

Using a Dash

Example: It is nearly half past five we cannot reach town before dark.

Corrected: It is nearly half past five— we cannot reach town before dark.

Writing as Separate Sentences

Example: It is nearly half past five we cannot reach town before dark.

Corrected: It is nearly half past five. We cannot reach town before dark.

Using a Coordinating Conjunction with a Comma

Example: It is nearly half past five we cannot reach town before dark.

Corrected: It is nearly half past five, so we cannot reach town before dark.

Alternatively: It is nearly half past five, and we cannot reach town before dark.

Using a Subordinate Clause

Example: It is nearly half past five we cannot reach town before dark.

Corrected: Because it is nearly half past five, we cannot reach town before dark.

Alternatively: It is nearly half past five, which means we cannot reach town before dark.

Conclusion

Understanding and recognizing run-on sentences is crucial for improving your writing. By breaking down complex sentences into shorter, more manageable units, you can enhance the clarity and readability of your text. Whether through the use of semicolons, dashes, separate sentences, coordinating conjunctions, or subordinate clauses, the key is to ensure that each independent clause is clearly and effectively communicated.

Remember, effective writing is not just about technical correctness; it is also about making your message as accessible and understandable as possible for your audience. So next time you find yourself dealing with a run-on sentence, take a moment to break it down and restructure it for the best possible impact.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are independent clauses?

Independent clauses are parts of a sentence that can stand alone as a complete sentence. They contain a subject and a predicate, allowing them to express a complete thought.

What are the common types of run-on sentences?

Common types of run-on sentences include fused clauses (where two or more independent clauses are joined but no punctuation is used), comma splices (where a comma is used to join two independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction), and run-on sentences without proper punctuation.

How can I avoid writing run-on sentences?

To avoid writing run-on sentences, practice breaking down longer thoughts into shorter sentences. Use appropriate punctuation, such as semicolons, dashes, and conjunctions, to separate clauses effectively. Read your sentences aloud to ensure they are clear and easy to understand.