Understanding Gesso Frames: A Comprehensive Guide

When it comes to creating a truly elegant and classic painting frame, the use of a gesso frame is unparalleled. While many may associate gesso strictly with preparing canvases, it also plays a crucial role in the creation of ornate frames. In this article, we delve into what a gesso frame is, its history, and how it is used in contemporary art.

What is a Gesso Frame?

A gesso frame is a type of paint that has been applied to a wood frame to create a sculpted, illusionary metal appearance. This technique involves applying gesso, a mixture of chalk, plaster, and sometimes pigments, to a wood frame. The gesso is then sculpted and imprinted to create intricate designs that mimic metal. Once the gesso frame dries and the plaster hardens, it can be gilded with gold or silver leaf, resulting in a frame that looks like it is made of precious metal.

Many mistakenly believe that a gesso frame is simply a mix of paint with chalk or pigments. While these materials are indeed used in the preparation, the process is much more complex and involves several layers to achieve the desired effect. This misconception highlights the need for clarification and a deeper understanding of the artistry involved in this technique.

The Historical Context of Gesso Frames

Interestingly, the use of gesso in frame-making dates back to ancient times. From the Roman period to the Renaissance and beyond, artists and craftsmen have employed this technique to create frames that are both beautiful and durable. The use of gesso frames became particularly popular in the 19th century, especially among painters and sculptors who sought to create ornate and detailed frames that would elevate their works of art.

During the Renaissance, artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Rembrandt van Rijn used gesso frames to enhance the visual impact of their paintings. The intricate designs and the metallic appearance of the gesso frames added a sense of luxury and sophistication to their works, making them stand out in art collections.

Modern Applications and Techniques

Today, while traditional gesso frames are still used, there are many modern variations and techniques. Artists can use different materials and finishes to achieve unique designs and effects. For instance, high-gloss varnishes can be applied to the dried gesso to create a smooth, reflective surface that enhances the metallic appearance. Additionally, digital art and 3D printing have opened new avenues for creating gesso frames. Some artists now use 3D printing to create detailed and intricate designs that can be gilded and finished to resemble the traditional gesso frame.

Canvas Gesso: A Different Perspective

It is worth noting that gesso is not solely used for creating ornate frames. Many artists and painters use gesso on canvas to prepare it for painting. Gesso serves as a baseline that helps to protect the canvas from absorption of moisture and color bleeding. However, this type of gesso is different from the gesso used in frame-making, as it is not sculpted or gilded. Instead, it is applied to smooth the canvas and provide a surface that is ideal for painting.

The process of gessoing a canvas typically involves applying a mixture of white chalk and pigments to the canvas with a brush. This mixture is allowed to dry before the next layer is applied, until the desired thickness is achieved. The gessoed surface can then be sanded to create a smooth, even texture that is suitable for paint.

Conclusion

In summary, a gesso frame is a sophisticated and versatile technique that combines artistry and craftsmanship to create ornate and elegant frames. While it shares some similarities with the gesso used on canvases, the process and purpose of gesso in frame-making are quite different. Whether it is used to create traditional or modern designs, gesso frames remain a testament to the enduring importance of materials and techniques in the world of art.

References

1. Nicholson, L. (2019). Art Techniques: Gesso in Practice. London: Thames Hudson.

2. Clarke, S. (2020). The Evolution of Gesso Frames in Art History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.