Military Combatives: The Art of Close Quarters Engagement

Hand-to-hand combat training in the military has evolved significantly over the years, particularly since the 1990s when SFC Matt Larson spearheaded a comprehensive overhaul. As a result, contemporary combatives programs now combine a range of martial arts disciplines, creating a versatile and effective system for soldiers on the battlefield.

The Evolution of Hand-to-Hand Combat in the Army

SFC Matt Larson was instrumental in updating the Army's hand-to-hand combat training in the 1990s. His vision was to establish a structured system of certification, allowing qualified instructors to be distributed throughout the Army at the platoon and company levels. This system included a competitive component to motivate soldiers to enhance their skills.

Larson collaborated with the wrestling coach from the University of Michigan and studied techniques from Royce Gracie, focusing on the 36 most effective grappling methods. His goal was to create a rigorous and practical combat system that would prepare soldiers for a variety of close-quarters engagements.

This evolution reflects a shift towards a mixed martial arts (MMA) approach, combining elements of wrestling, boxing, judo, and other martial arts to disable and neutralize opponents effectively.

Combatives Training in the Military

Combatives training in the military is designed to enable soldiers to survive and overcome threats in close-quarters engagements. It blends traditional martial arts techniques with the pragmatism of modern combat. The training focuses on disabling an opponent and then finishing the fight with a series of kicks and strikes to vital organs, or, as a last resort, using lethal force with firearms or other weapons like bayonets and knives.

Many veterans share their personal experiences and observations. My father, a regional heavyweight wrestling champion, served in the military during the Korean War. His training and natural athleticism proved invaluable in dynamic combat situations. Similarly, a captain in my task force, a Judo Olympic silver medalist, demonstrated exceptional speed and technique during engagements in Central America.

Diverse Combatives Programs

The approach to combatives training varies by branch. The US Army, for example, focuses on a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ)-like system, emphasizing grappling techniques. The goal is not to make soldiers into stealthy ninjas but rather to train them to hold down an opponent, allowing their teammates to intervene and take the fight to the enemy.

Other branches, such as the Marine Corps, use the Marine Corps Martial Arts Program (MCMAP), which is highly regarded for its comprehensive and adaptable approach. MCMAP integrates a variety of techniques from different martial arts disciplines, fostering both physical and mental readiness for combat.

Principles of Military Combatives

The core principles of military combatives revolve around adaptability and effectiveness. Soldiers are trained to use whatever works in the moment, whether it's striking vital points, using weapons, or leveraging the environment. Techniques are selected based on their practical application in real-world situations.

For example, a soldier in close combat might use a weapon like a pistol, rifle butt, bayonet, knife, chair, or rock, depending on the situation. The training emphasizes survival and the ability to neutralize a threat quickly and efficiently, with a focus on group tactics and cooperation.

Conclusion

Military combatives is an essential component of modern soldier training, combining traditional martial arts with modern tactical approaches. It prepares soldiers for the unpredictable and often hostile environments they encounter on the battlefield. Whether through structured certification, adaptable techniques, or practical training scenarios, military combatives remains a vital skill for effective and efficient close-quarters engagement.