George Washington and Slavery: A Complex Legacy

George Washington is often hailed as the father of the United States, yet his relationship with slavery remains a contentious issue. This article aims to explore the complexities surrounding Washington's stance on slavery, examining his personal views, actions, and the broader context of the Founding Fathers.

The Contradiction Between Actions and Words

George Washington, like many of his contemporaries, owned slaves and profited from their labor. He is known to have owned hundreds of slaves during his lifetime, and he once stated: 'I have always held the opinion that among ourselves, the poor people, who work for money, are the most happy and free.' However, this statement is often seen as a reflection of his economic interests rather than a genuine belief in the humanity of his slaves.

Washington was careful to write the opposite of his true feelings in his Reminiscences, which he composed near the end of his life. In these writings, he expressed opposition to the practice of slavery, stating: 'We have no power to alter it [slavery], and the attempt would be not only unjust but suicidal to the whole cause of the revolution, by giving the odium of it to the outside world.'

Slavery in Washington's Will

It is important to note that Washington's will contained provisions for the emancipation of some of his slaves. He stipulated that upon his death, certain slaves would be freed, while others would be freed upon the death of his wife, Martha Washington. However, rumors and fears that Martha might die prematurely led her to act more quickly, freeing the remaining slaves in her lifetime (1801).

George Washington's Role in the American Revolution

During the American Revolution, Washington not only owned slaves but also had free black men serving in his army. The American and British forces both offered freedom to slaves who served in the respective militaries. In his African American history, one can find numerous instances of free and enslaved black soldiers who fought for independence.

The Founding Fathers and the Constitutional Convention of 1787

A deeper look into the Constitutional Convention of 1787 reveals a complicated relationship between the Founding Fathers and slavery. While many of these men were opposed to slavery in private, their political positions were often influenced by economic and social factors. Slavery was a controversial issue, with many believing that a new constitution could only be enacted if it accepted slavery for a limited term.

For example, the Three-Fifths Compromise allowed for a gradual reduction in the representation of states with a high concentration of slaves, reflecting a compromise between states with and without slaves. Additionally, the Fugitive Slave Clause required states to return escaped slaves, which many argue was a move to placate slave-owning Southern states.

The Legacy of George Washington

George Washington's actions and words regarding slavery reflect a complex and sometimes contradictory stance. While he profited from the institution of slavery, he also recognized the moral and economic issues surrounding it. His decision to free some of his slaves and his eventual abolition of slavery through his will are significant steps in the fight against this inhumane practice.

Understanding George Washington's legacy requires a nuanced approach. While he was a pivotal figure in the founding of America, his personal views and actions regarding slavery highlight the challenges faced by the early United States in addressing the issues of freedom and equality.

Key keywords: George Washington, slavery, Founding Fathers, American Revolution, Constitutional Convention of 1787