Exploring the Russian Scales: How They Will Transform ABRSM Piano Exams

ABRSM has proposed introducing a new element into its piano exams, 'Russian Scales', which will challenge students with a unique blend of normal and contrary motion minor scales. Before these scales become part of the exam syllabus, it is crucial to understand the underlying concepts and how they can be effectively practiced.

Understanding Russian Scales

Russian scales are not a single entity but a collection of scales that incorporate both normal and contrary motion techniques. This combination is designed to enhance a pianist's technique in both hands, offering a more comprehensive understanding of musical scales.

Normal Motion Scales

Normal motion scales, also known as parallel scales, involve both hands playing the same notes simultaneously. This is the most common form of scale practice, seen in scales like the C major scale: C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C. These scales are essential for building a strong foundation in finger dexterity and key recognition.

Contrary Motion

Contrary motion, on the other hand, requires the hands to move in opposite directions. For example, if the right hand ascends a scale, the left hand descends, creating a more complex and melodically rich sound. This technique enhances finger independence and coordination, essential skills for advanced pianists.

Minor Scales

Minor scales come in several varieties, including natural, harmonic, and melodic minor. In the context of Russian music, the harmonic minor scale is particularly notable due to its distinctive interval structure. This scale often includes a raised seventh degree, contributing to the scale's unique flavor.

Key Features of Russian Scales

Combination of Techniques

Russian scales integrate both normal and contrary motion scales. This dual approach helps students develop finger strength and independence while improving the coordination between their hands. Practicing Russian scales requires the pianist to switch between playing in unison and in opposition, providing a more varied and challenging experience.

Scale Variations

Russian scales often include variations on traditional scales. These variations can involve specific intervals or patterns that are characteristic of Russian folk music or classical compositions. By incorporating these unique interval patterns, students can enhance their understanding of Russian music and its distinct tonal qualities.

Cultural Context

Russian music frequently highlights specific scale degrees that create a unique sound. The use of the augmented second interval, such as the raised seventh in the harmonic minor scale, gives these scales a distinctly Eastern European flavor. Understanding these cultural nuances is crucial for pianists aiming to master Russian scales.

Example of a Russian Scale Practice

To better understand the concept of Russian scales, we can examine the C Harmonic Minor Scale:

C Harmonic Minor Scale in Normal Motion

Right Hand: C-D-Eb-F-G-Ab-B-C

Left Hand: C-B-Ab-G-F-Eb-D-C

C Harmonic Minor Scale in Contrary Motion

Right Hand Ascends: C-D-Eb-F-G-Ab-B-C

Left Hand Descends: C-B-Ab-G-F-Eb-D-C

Practice Tips

Start Slowly - Begin by practicing the scales at a very slow tempo to ensure accuracy and evenness in both hands. Focus on precise finger movements and consistent rhythm.

Use a Metronome - Gradually increase the speed using a metronome. This will help you maintain control as you improve your finger dexterity and speed.

Experiment with Dynamics and Articulation - While stability and accuracy are crucial, don't forget to explore the dynamic range and articulation of the scale. This will bring out the character and emotion of the music.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the introduction of Russian scales by ABRSM will undoubtedly challenge pianists and deepen their understanding of scale technique. These scales, which combine both normal and contrary motion, provide a unique opportunity to develop essential musical skills. By incorporating Russian scales into practice, students can enhance their technique while gaining cultural insight and musical appreciation.