Exploring the Appreciation of Abstract Expressionism: Insights into the Work of De Kooning and Pollock

Abstract Expressionism is a vibrant and dynamic period in the history of art, characterized by the emotional and gestural application of paint, often in large-scale canvases. Two prominent figures in this movement, Willem de Kooning and Jackson Pollock, have left indelible marks on the art world with their distinctive styles and profound impact. This article delves into the appreciation of their works, specifically through the lens of their iconic 'all-over' paintings, such as Pollock's 'No. 1, 1948' and de Kooning's 'Excavation', and offers insights into their influence and techniques.

Art Historical Context of Abstract Expressionism

Abstract Expressionism emerged in the post-World War II period as a significant development in the evolution of Western art. Before this era, European artists like Wassily Kandinsky and Paul Klee were key figures in the continuity of Western art since the Renaissance. However, with the rise of Abstract Expressionism, the focus shifted to American artists. Willem de Kooning, despite his Dutch background and emigration to the United States at the age of 22, and Jackson Pollock, marked the forefront of this avant-garde movement.

Appreciation of De Kooning and Pollock's Work

Aesthetic appreciation of De Kooning and Pollock's all-over paintings like 'Excavation' and 'No. 1, 1948' can be approached from art historical, process-based, and emotional perspectives. These paintings challenge the viewer with a singular, all-encompassing impact that engages the entire canvas rather than focusing on one particular area.

De Kooning's 'Excavation' (1950)

De Kooning's 'Excavation' epitomizes the process-based approach to the Abstract Expressionist movement. The painting's title itself carries significance, as it reveals the repetitive nature of the artist's work. De Kooning would regularly scrape his paintings down layer by layer, creating a mobile structure of hooked calligraphic lines. These lines suggest transient images of insects, birds, fish, and human forms, revealing the tension between abstract and figural elements. Through this meticulous yet fluid process, viewers can gain a deeper understanding of De Kooning's work.

Pollock's 'No. 1, 1948'

Pollack's 'No. 1, 1948', on the other hand, represents a higher-level control in the application of paint. Although the image may appear chaotic at first glance, Pollock's technique involved placing large canvases on the floor of his studio. He would use sweeping arm movements to apply "skeins" of paint from his loaded brush, creating an 'Action Painting' style. This method not only emphasizes the process of creation but also places emphasis on the dynamics of movement and energy in his work.

Understanding Abstract Expressionist Process and Meaning

To truly appreciate the works of De Kooning and Pollock, one can adopt several approaches. Simply enjoying the powerful visual images is one method, as these paintings offer a feast for the eyes. Another approach is to analyze and understand the underlying meanings of the 'marks' or lines created by the artists. For example, Adolph Gottlieb's 'Burst' series showcases the deliberate and calculated nature of his work. His untitled piece from 1959 features a floating orb above an exploding mass, symbolizing the full range of dualistic concepts such as light and dark, life and death, and whole and fragment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, appreciating the works of Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, and other Abstract Expressionists requires a deep dive into the context, technique, and meaning behind their art. Whether through a historical lens, a focus on the creative process, or an exploration of the visual and emotional impact, these artists continue to inspire and captivate audiences with their innovative and profound contributions to modern art.