Diverting Laser-Guided Missiles: The Feasibility of Using Multiple Lasers and Other Techniques

Laser-guided missiles and bombs have become a critical component in modern warfare, offering precision and effectiveness. However, their reliance on laser guidance raises questions about their vulnerability to countermeasures. This article explores the possibility of using multiple lasers to divert these weapons, as well as alternative methods to achieve the same outcome.

Using Multiple Lasers to Distract the Guidance System

Theoretically, multiple lasers can be used to distract the guidance system of a laser-guided missile or bomb, but practical applications present significant challenges. As mentioned, modern missile systems often include inertial navigation systems that continue to function even when GPS or laser guidance fails. This means that a successful laser diversion must be precise and effective to reduce the weapon's accuracy significantly.

In some scenarios, it is possible to lower the accuracy of a laser-guided weapon from a Circular Error Probable (CEP) of a few meters to around 15-20 meters. However, achieving such accuracy requires precise timing and the alignment of multiple lasers. Defensive systems typically employ sophisticated algorithms to counter such threats, making it difficult for adversaries to gain a reliable laser lock.

Tank Defense Against Laser Guided Weapons

Tanks have developed several countermeasures to combat laser-guided threats. For instance, laser warning systems can alert tanks to the presence of an incoming laser and prompt them to deploy smoke grenades to confuse the guidance system. Moreover, modern tanks are designed to minimize their reflective surface to reduce the chance of a successful laser lock. Self-propelled units often maneuver quickly to avoid prolonged exposure to laser guidance.

Missile systems are also equipped with advanced algorithms to detect and counteract countermeasures. When a laser lock is attempted, onboard systems can counter-illuminate, emit counter-lasers, or even adjust the flight path of the missile to avoid the diversion. Consequently, the effectiveness of multiple lasers in diverting a laser-guided weapon depends largely on the sophistication of the defensive algorithms in place.

Gravity Bombs and Long-Flight Time Missiles

Gravity bombs, which rely on gravity and aerodynamic forces to deliver their payload, often have a longer flight time, making them more vulnerable to laser diversion. In contrast, Hellfire missiles, designed for rapid engagement, may not have enough time for attackers to establish a successful laser lock. The time it takes for a Hellfire missile to reach its target is typically too short for effective countermeasures.

On the other hand, gravity bombs offer a longer flight path, which can provide more opportunities for countermeasures. By employing multiple lasers, one could potentially overwhelm the guidance system, causing the bomb to veer off course. This scenario is more plausible in the case of gravity bombs, as they offer a longer engagement window.

Blinding the Bomb’s Seeker with a Laser

Another method to counter laser-guided weapons is to blind the bomb’s seeker head with a powerful laser. This technique has been used by aircraft to counter air-to-air and air-to-surface missiles. The idea is to overwhelm the seeker head with a powerful laser pulse, rendering it temporarily blind or unusable. This method is effective against very primitive designator lasers but is more challenging against coded pulse patterns used in modern guidance systems.

Advanced guided weapon systems use a coded pulse pattern to prevent spoofing and jamming. Unless the attacker has access to the specific code, it is extremely difficult to effectively blind the missile. Therefore, the use of a high-powered laser to blind the seeker head is a viable but limited countermeasure.

The Guardian Anti-Missile System

One of the most advanced anti-missile systems is the Guardian system, designed to intercept and destroy incoming missiles. This system employs a combination of radar, laser detection, and countermeasures to neutralize threats. The Guardian system is equipped with powerful tracking and counter-laser capabilities, making it one of the most effective defense mechanisms available today.

Similar to other anti-missile systems, the Guardian relies on rapid decision-making and precise countermeasures. By deploying counter-lasers and other defensive measures, the system can effectively respond to a missile attack, reducing the likelihood of a successful diversion or interception.

In conclusion, while multiple lasers can potentially be used to divert laser-guided missiles, the effectiveness of such countermeasures depends on various factors, including the sophistication of the missile's guidance system, the type of weapon, and the defensive algorithms in place. Additionally, blinding the bomb’s seeker head with a powerful laser is another viable but limited countermeasure against modern guided weapons.