Decoding the Formula for the 12 Bar Blues: A Comprehensive Guide
Decoding the Formula for the 12 Bar Blues: A Comprehensive Guide
The 12 Bar Blues is one of rock and roll's most recognizable and influential chord progressions. Its structure, though relatively simple, has been the backbone of countless blues, bebop, and rock songs. Understanding the formula for the 12 bar blues is essential for musicians, composers, and music enthusiasts alike. This article will break down the basic and jazz blues, offering a detailed exploration of this timeless musical formula.
The Basic 12 Bar Blues
The 12 bar blues formula has its roots in traditional blues music. The structure is straightforward and repetitive, making it a favorite among blues musicians. Let's delve into the basic formula:
12 Bar Blues Structure
Bass I7 Chord (Four Bars): The progression begins with the tonic or 'I' chord in its seventh form. This creates a rich and soulful sound in the blues. IV7 Chord (Two Bars): Blue notes and unconventional chords create tension and a sense of movement. The 'IV' chord in its seventh form adds depth and complexity to the progression. I7 Chord (Two Bars): The return to the tonic chord affirms the tonality and gives the listener a sense of resolution. V7 Chord (One Bar): The 'V' chord, especially in its seventh form, creates tension and a feeling of release, pulling the progression forward. IV7 Chord (One Bar): Again, the IV7 chord establishes the sense of movement and tension. I7 Chord (One Bar): The return to the tonic or 'I' chord creates a sense of stability and resolution. V7 Chord (One Bar): This final 'V' chord brings a sense of release and, in a musical sense, the end of the cycle.The Basic Jazz Blues
The 12 bar blues progression can be elevated to a new level of complexity with a few additions that give it a jazzier flavor. These enhancements add depth, richness, and a sense of sophistication to the traditional formula. Let's break down the structure and understand its unique elements:
Jazz Blues Structure
I7 Chord (One Bar): The progression starts with the tonic chord, setting the foundation for the rest of the progression. IV7 Chord (One Bar): The 'IV' chord, in its seventh form, adds tension and a forward motion to the progression. I7 Chord (Two Bars): A longer stay on the 'I' chord, reinforcing the tonality and vibe of the blues. IV7 Chord (Two Bars): Another extended stay on the IV7 chord, deepening the tension and moving the song forward. I7 Chord (One Bar): The return to the tonic or 'I' chord, providing a sense of stability and resolution. VI7 Chord (One Bar): Introducing a new chord, the 'VI' in its seventh form, adds a fresh flavor and complexity. ii7 Chord (One Bar): A short stay on the 'ii' chord, often referred to as the subdominant, adds a minor key feel and sophistication. V7 Chord (One Bar): The 'V' chord, especially in its seventh form, creates a sense of release and pulls the progression forward. I7 Chord (One Bar): Returning to the 'I' chord, one last time, brings a sense of resolution and closure. VI7 Chord (One Bar): Another stay on the 'VI' chord, deepening the complexity and thematic richness. ii7 Chord (One Bar): A quick return to the 'ii' chord, giving it a final touch of complexity and resolution. V7 Chord (One Bar): Closing with a final 'V' chord, signaling the end of the cycle and providing a satisfying conclusion.Adding Complementary Chords and Medallions
The 12 bar blues can be significantly enhanced by adding complementary chords and medallions. These elements introduce additional interest and complexity to the progression, making it more versatile and sophisticated. Here's how you can use them:
Secondary Dominants and Extended Chords
Secondary Dominants: These are chords that temporarily replace the dominant chord, typically the V7. They create a sense of tension and anticipation, leading the listener's ear to the original dominant chord. For instance, a V7/V7 (V of V) could create a sense of leading to the original V7 chord. Extended Chords: Extending the chords with additional notes, such as 9ths, 11ths, or 13ths, adds a lot of character and depth to the progression. These can be used in any of the chords to enrich the sound.Conclusion
The 12 bar blues is a fundamental and versatile formula in music. Whether it's carried forth in its basic form or embellished with jazz elements, it remains a cornerstone of blues and jazz. By understanding and mastering its structure, musicians can create rich and meaningful musical expressions that resonate with listeners and stand the test of time.