Are Art Deco Buildings the Strongest and Most Robust Construction?

Art Deco buildings are often celebrated for their innovative design and striking aesthetics but are they the strongest and most robust constructions? While many Art Deco buildings are well-constructed and durable, the durability of these structures depends largely on the materials and engineering practices used during their construction, rather than the style itself.

Materials

Art Deco architecture frequently employs grand materials like reinforced concrete, steel, and glass, all of which can provide significant strength. However, not all Art Deco buildings are built to the same structural standards. These materials play a crucial role in the building's longevity, yet it's essential to consider the context in which they were used.

Design

In many cases, the aesthetic elements of Art Deco can sometimes lead to less emphasis on structural integrity in favor of visual appeal. This focus on design can sometimes compromise the building's robustness and strength. For instance, some Art Deco structures may lack sufficient reinforcement or might have been designed with decorative elements that put undue stress on the building.

Era of Construction

Many Art Deco buildings were constructed during a period of significant innovation in engineering and materials, which can contribute to their durability. However, this innovation does not guarantee robustness across the board. The available technologies a century ago were often untested, and the omission of traditional detailing could result in buildings that perform poorly over time.

Challenges of Art Deco Buildings

While Art Deco architecture can be a marvel of innovative design, it is also known to face several challenges as it ages. One significant issue is the prevalence of dampness and leaks, mostly due to the flat, parapeted roofs. These problems can lead to a cascade of other issues if left untreated. Other structural challenges include undersized framing, foundation and sub-floor problems, and spalling on the foundations, all of which can significantly impact the building's longevity.

Street Orientation and Sunlight

Art Deco structures often faced the street, not necessarily taking optimal advantage of sunlight or wind patterns on the land. This orientation can lead to inefficiencies in terms of thermal and moisture management, often resulting in dampness and subsequent mold growth, which can be detrimental to both the building's structure and the health of its occupants.

Common Materials and Their Issues

Materials like lead and asbestos were commonly used in Art Deco buildings, presenting significant health and environmental concerns. Windows, typically steel-framed, might have rotted or rusted over time, especially if not maintained properly.

When considering an Art Deco structure, it's crucial to thoroughly inspect it. While these buildings can be restored, the costs involved can be substantial. Therefore, a careful evaluation of the building's condition is imperative before embarking on a renovation or restoration project.